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Field Commandant Christian Jacobus Groepe (1789–1886) was a military leader of the Khoi people of Kat River, Cape Colony, in the nineteenth century. ==Early life== Christian Groepe was the mixed-race son of Maria and Heinrich Grupe. His mother was a freed slave of Cape ancestry, and his father was a farm labourer of German ancestry. While he kept strong connections with German family and friends, he also seems to have identified primarily with the local Khoikhoi people, possibly through his mother's influence. He is first recorded as a wealthy Khoikhoi businessman, land-owner and community leader among the Gonaqua Khoi people of the Kat River Settlements, near the Eastern Cape frontier. Kat River was a large, successful and predominantly Khoi region of the Cape, that subsisted more or less autonomously. Aside from the Afrikaans-speaking Gonaqua Khoi, the settlement had also attracted large numbers of other Khoi, Xhosa and mixed-race groups of the Cape.〔Elizabeth Elbourne: ''Race, Warfare and Religion in mid-nineteenth century Southern Africa: The Khoikhoi Rebellion.'' Journal of African Cultural Studies, 2000.〕 In 1834, the Surveyor General of the Cape Colony, W.F.Hertzog, recorded a "Christiaan Groepe" as being a wealthy, highly educated and "respectable" Khoi, who had originally arrived from Baviaans River with a large number of followers, and had settled them in the central ''"Tamboekiesvallei"'' area of Kat River.〔E.L.Nel: ''An evaluation of community-driven economic development, land tenure, and sustainable environmental development in the Kat River Valley''. HSRC Press, 2000.〕 The Kat River Khoi, situated near the frontier and renowned as excellent marksmen, were frequently and gratuitously recruited by the Cape Colony in its frontier wars with the neighboring Xhosa. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Christian Groepe」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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